section ¢ñUse of English

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

¡¡¡¡To produce the upheaval(¼¤±ä) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860¡¯s to the mid-1880¡¯s, three primary causes interacted. The 1 of a halfª²dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. 2 , an outcry£¨Äź°£© for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction 3 among the alumni£¨Ð£ÓÑ£© and friends of nearly all of the old college and grew into a movement that overrode£¨Ñ¹µ¹£© all 4 opposition. The aggressive ¡°Young Yale¡± movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more 5 spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously 6 to relieve the college¡¯s poverty and demand new 7 .Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by 8 off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new 9 of public duty.

¡¡¡¡The old-style classical education received its most crushing 10 in the citadel£¨³Ç±¤£© of Harvard College, 11 Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the 12 forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot¡¯s 13 . They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the 14 and the development of the 15 system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering(ÅàÑø) of greater 16 in student life. Standard of admission were sharply advanced in 1872¡«1877. 17 the appointment of a dean£¨Ôº³¤£© to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of 18 , the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and 19 as young animals. One new course of study after another was 20 science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics and international law.

¡¡¡¡1. £ÛA£Ý uproar£ÛB£Ý threshold£ÛC£Ý emergency£ÛD£Ý emergence

¡¡¡¡2. £ÛA£Ý However£ÛB£Ý Moreover£ÛC£Ý Thereafter£ÛD£Ý Indeed

¡¡¡¡3. £ÛA£Ý aroused£ÛB£Ý arose£ÛC£Ý roused£ÛD£Ý incurred

¡¡¡¡4. £ÛA£Ý conservative£ÛB£Ý conventional£ÛC£Ý radical£ÛD£Ý profound

¡¡¡¡5. £ÛA£Ý flexible£ÛB£Ý liberal£ÛC£Ý literate£ÛD£Ý literary

¡¡¡¡6. £ÛA£Ý rallied£ÛB£Ý assembled£ÛC£Ý gathered£ÛD£Ý summoned

¡¡¡¡7. £ÛA£Ý resource£ÛB£Ý orientation£ÛC£Ý reserve£ÛD£Ý enterprise

¡¡¡¡8. £ÛA£Ý putting£ÛB£Ý taking£ÛC£Ý growing£ÛD£Ý letting

¡¡¡¡9. £ÛA£Ý point£ÛB£Ý meaning£ÛC£Ý commitment£ÛD£Ý sense

¡¡¡¡10. £ÛA£Ý blow£ÛB£Ý crack£ÛC£Ý strike£ÛD£Ý stroke

¡¡¡¡11. £ÛA£Ý when£ÛB£Ý where£ÛC£Ý which£ÛD£Ý that

¡¡¡¡12. £ÛA£Ý drastic£ÛB£Ý massive£ÛC£Ý extreme£ÛD£Ý progressive

¡¡¡¡13. £ÛA£Ý administration£ÛB£Ý manipulation£ÛC£Ý regulation£ÛD£Ý institution

¡¡¡¡14. £ÛA£Ý subject£ÛB£Ý course£ÛC£Ý curriculum£ÛD£Ý syllabus

¡¡¡¡15. £ÛA£Ý elective£ÛB£Ý selective£ÛC£Ý subjective£ÛD£Ý objective

¡¡¡¡16. £ÛA£Ý diversity£ÛB£Ý maturity£ÛC£Ý seniority£ÛD£Ý versatility

¡¡¡¡17. £ÛA£Ý By£ÛB£Ý With£ÛC£Ý Upon£ÛD£Ý At

¡¡¡¡18. £ÛA£Ý penalty£ÛB£Ý code£ÛC£Ý virtue£ÛD£Ý discipline

¡¡¡¡19. £ÛA£Ý little£ÛB£Ý less£ÛC£Ý much£ÛD£Ý even

¡¡¡¡20. £ÛA£Ý opened up£ÛB£Ý set down£ÛC£Ý brought up£ÛD£Ý laid down

section ¢òReading Comprehension--Part A

¡¡¡¡Directions:

¡¡¡¡Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. M ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

¡¡¡¡Text 1

¡¡¡¡Massive changes in all of the world¡¯s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it¡¯s one of London¡¯s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture¡­

¡¡¡¡That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.

¡¡¡¡This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.

¡¡¡¡The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US$125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10 000 000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100 000 000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.

¡¡¡¡So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.

¡¡¡¡Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a ¡°World Title¡± fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!

¡¡¡¡21. Globalization of sporting culture means that

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý more people are taking up sports.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý traditional sports are getting popular.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý many local sports are becoming international.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý foreigners are more interested in local sports.

¡¡¡¡22. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý Good economic returns.£ÛB£Ý Revival of traditional games.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý Communications technology.£ÛD£Ý Marketing strategies.

¡¡¡¡23. As is used in the passage, ¡°globalization¡± comes closest in meaning to

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý ¡°commercialization¡±.£ÛB£Ý ¡°popularization¡±.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý ¡°speculation¡±.£ÛD£Ý ¡°standardization¡±.

¡¡¡¡24. What is the author¡¯s attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý Favorable.£ÛB£Ý Unclear.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý Reserved. £ÛD£Ý Critical.

¡¡¡¡25. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because

¡¡¡¡£ÛA£Ý they become more professional than ever.

¡¡¡¡£ÛB£Ý they regard sports as consumer goods.

¡¡¡¡£ÛC£Ý there exist few world-class championships.

¡¡¡¡£ÛD£Ý sports events are exciting and stimulating.

¡¡¡¡Text 2

¡¡¡¡Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1 068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year¡¯s time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50 000 lives, some 13 000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1 068 in Missing Persons in the shade.

¡¡¡¡When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for name of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100 000 suggestions. As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn¡¯t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50 000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.

¡¡¡¡There remains the dinnerª²party game of who¡¯s in, who¡¯s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America) .

¡¡¡¡It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.

¡¡¡¡Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: ¡®Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility¡¯. Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 percent, against the original DBN¡¯s 3), such as Roy Strong¡¯s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: ¡®Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory¡¯. That doesn¡¯t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin).

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