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51Test一、换用笼统词

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51Test词大体可分为两类：笼统词和具体词。笼统词的特点在于意义广泛、搭配性强。虽然它们独自不能精确表达一个动作，但在构成词组以后可替代很多具体词。写作中遇到一些具体词写不出来的时候，用笼统词取代，能收到异曲同工之妙。最常用的笼统词有 have，take等。

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51Test例：迈克经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。M ike experienced a terrible hard time．写作时，若忘记了experience可用笼统词have代替，写成M ike had a terrible hard time．同样能收到预期效果。

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51Test再看几例：Are you married？＝ Do you have a wife ／husband？

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51TestDo you understand my meaning？＝Do you take my meaning？

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51TestShe will subscribe（订阅）to Chi- na Today．＝She will take China To- day．

51Test二、换用同义词、反义词

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51Test遇到未曾学过的词或一时想不起的词时，可采用发散性思维，发挥想象力，尽可能想出与之有关的同义词、反义词，利用语言的内在联系、多层次、多角度地运用语言，使单词受阻现象得以解决。

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51Test例：昨晚李雷做了一场恶梦。

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51TestLi Lei had a nightmare last night．因nightmare使用率不高，不易记住。但其同义词bad dream易记。上句可换译为：Li Lei had a bad dream last night．

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51Test再如：The food is tasty．＝The food is nice toeat．＝The food is delicious．

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51TestWe discontinued the work at nine．＝We stopped the work at nine．

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51TestThis woman is talkative．＝This woman is never quiet．

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51TestThis car is expensive．＝This car is not cheap．

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51Test三、换用迂回表达

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51Test当一个词或某些信息表达起来有困难时，要充分利用语言本身词汇丰富、句型多变等特点，进行迂回表达。因为任何一种表达形式，只要能达意便可接受。请仔细观察划线部分词语，看看是如何迂回表达的。

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51Test例：1．我从未见到过这样顽固的人。

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51TestI"ve never seen such a stubborn person．＝I"ve never seen such a person who never listens to other"s advice．

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51Test2．如果我们想得到文凭，我们必须首先通过考试。

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51TestIf we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams．＝If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams．

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51Test3．工厂里的烟囱（chimney）拔地而起。

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High chimneys have appeared in the factories．＝The factories are full of high chimneys．＝A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories．

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51Test4．他数学考试取得优异成绩，被大学录取了。

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51TestHe passed the maths exam ／succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student．

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51Test5．中午我们吃了野餐。

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51TestAt noon we had a picnic．＝At noon we had our lunch in the open air.